基于量子区块链的食品冷链追溯系统构建

疫情防控背景下，冷链食品质量安全备受关注，但当前食品冷链追溯系统建设不完善，仍存在缺乏信任、信息不对称、追溯环节缺失等问题，针对这些问题，本文提出基于量子区块链的食品冷链追溯系统构建思路。在量子区块链中，区块中的记录被编码成一连串彼此缠绕的量子，运用量子密钥分发技术代替传统区块链非对称加密传输，以量子签名进行身份验证，形成纠缠量子态对照效应，达成量子共识，保证任意节点之间数据传输的真实性，防止数据被篡改。结合分布式存储、智能合约等技术实现追溯系统所有节点共同参与、共同维护。从冷链信息采集业务层、网络数据管理层以及系统应用层3 个层级对冷链追溯系统进行构建，并进一步探讨系统运行机制。本文欲利用量子通信技术充分发挥区块链优势，从而更好地解决当前冷链食品追溯面临的困境，为探索构建真实高效、可持续实施的食品安全追溯系统提供参考。

Construction of Food Cold Chain Traceability System Based on Quantum Blockchain

Under the background of epidemic prevention and control, the quality and safety of cold chain foods has attracted much attention. However, the construction of the food cold chain traceability system is currently imperfect, and there are still some problems in this field, such as lack of trust, information asymmetry and lack of traceability links. In view of these problems, this paper proposes a new idea for the construction of the food cold chain traceability system based on quantum blockchain. In quantum blockchains, the records in a block are encoded into a series of entangled quanta. By using quantum key distribution to replace the traditional asymmetric cryptographic transmission of blockchain and as well as identity authentication through quantum signature, the entangled quantum state control effect can be formed and a quantum consensus can be reached, ensuring real tamper-proof data transmission between any nodes and preventing data from being tampered with. Combined use of various technologies such as distributed storage and smart contract allows all nodes of the traceability system to participate in maintaining data safety. In this paper, the cold chain traceability system is constructed from three layers: cold chain information collection business, network data management and system application, and the operating mechanism of the system is discussed. This paper highlights that the current dilemma of cold chain food traceability can be solved by giving full play to the advantages of blockchain through quantum communication technology, which will provide a reference for exploring the construction of a real, efficient and sustainable food safety traceability system.