海水鱼内脏高值化利用的研究现状与发展趋势

近年来，我国海水鱼类捕捞与养殖产业发展快速，海水鱼类加工过程产生的大量副产物，只有小部分作为饲料，大部分被废弃造成环境污染。而海水鱼内脏含有丰富的生物活性肽、酶以及脂质等可以被有效利用的成分，有必要对其进行开发利用。本文综述了近年来国内外学者对海水鱼内脏在生物活性肽如抗氧化肽、抗疲劳肽、抗高血压肽，内脏酶如蛋白酶、超氧化物歧化酶、胆碱酯酶、酸（碱）性磷酸酶，脂质中磷脂、脂肪酸、不皂化的脂质提取工艺与运用方面的研究进展，并对海水鱼内脏今后的高值化开发利用提出建议，以期为海水鱼内脏的高值化利用，促进海水鱼产业的零废弃高值高质加工提供参考。

Research Status and Development Trend of High-Value Utilization of Marine Fish Offal

China's marine fish fishing and aquaculture industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Only a small part of the large amount of by-products produced during the processing of marine fish is used as feed, and most of them are discarded to cause environmental pollution. The internal organs of marine fish are rich in bioactive peptides, enzymes and lipids that can be effectively utilized, and it is necessary to develop and utilize them. This article reviews the bioactive peptides such as antioxidant peptides, anti-fatigue peptides, and anti-hypertensive peptides, visceral enzymes such as protease, superoxide dismutase, cholinesterase, and acid (alkali) in marine fish internal organs in recent years. Research progress on the extraction process and application of phosphatase, phospholipids, fatty acids and unsaponified lipids in lipids, and the future development and utilization of marine fish offal with high value suggestions are made to provide a reference for the high-value utilization of marine fish offal and to promote zero-waste high-value and high-quality processing of the marine fish industry.