表面增强拉曼光谱在乳和乳品有害物质检测中的研究进展

乳和乳制品作为人类必不可少的食品之一，其中的有害物质，如农兽药残留、真菌毒素、非法添加物质以及其他污染物对消费者的健康安全构成了严重威胁，同时也阻碍了乳制品行业的发展。表面增强拉曼光谱法（Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy，SERS）作为一种新兴的检测方法，有望能够满足目前乳和乳制品高通量，高灵敏度的检测需求。本文总结了SERS方法在牛奶检测中的研究进展，包括金属纳米检测探针和SERS固相平台的制备、抗体和适配体等分子识别技术的应用、核酸扩增技术以及微流控技术等与SERS的结合。最后，对SERS在乳制品的研究发展方向和应用前景做了总结和展望。

Application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in the Detection of Harmful Substances in Milk and Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products are one of the indispensable foods for human beings. The harmful substances such as agricultural and veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, illegally added substances and other pollutants pose a serious threat to consumers' health and safety, and also hinder the development of the dairy industry. Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an emerging detection method is expected to meet the current high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection needs of milk and dairy products. This article mainly summarizes the research progress of SERS method in milk detection, including the preparation of metal nano-detection probes and SERS solid-phase platform, the application of molecular recognition technologies such as antibodies and aptamers, the combination of nucleic acid amplification technology and microfluidic technology with SERS. Finally, the research and development direction and application prospects of SERS in dairy products are summarized and prospected.