青藏高原金露梅茶对高血脂症大鼠肠道菌群的影响

为了探讨青藏高原金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa L.）茶对高脂血症大鼠血脂和肠道菌群的影响。采用高脂饲料饲养Wistar大鼠诱导形成高脂血症模型，用酶联免疫方法（ELISA）考察金露梅三种茶对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响，同时运用16S rDNA高通量测序分析肠道菌群的多样性和结构变化。结果显示，与模型组比较，金露梅茶组的HDL含量均升高，金露梅红茶组差异显著（P<0.05）。金露梅花茶、绿茶、红茶组大鼠TG、TC含量显著下降（P<0.05，P<0.01），LDL含量均下降，仅金露梅花茶差异显著（P<0. 05）。同时肠道菌群结果显示，金露梅茶干预后，在门水平上，优势菌群厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的丰度下调，拟杆菌门 （Bacteroidetes）的丰度上调，属水平上，大鼠肠道内乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）丰度明显上调，而毛螺菌科中未分类的属（unidentified_Lachnospiraceae）、瘤胃菌科中未分类的属（unidentified_Ruminococcaceae）丰度则明显下调。金露梅花茶、绿茶、红茶具有调节高脂血症大鼠血脂及其肠道菌群谱的作用，使其有向正常对照组恢复的趋势，推测金露梅茶可能经肠道菌群干预脂质代谢途径发挥降血脂的功效。

Effect of Potentilla Fruticosa Tea from Qinghai-Tibet PlateauonIntestinal Flora of Hyperlipidemia Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of Potentilla fruticosa tea on blood lipid and gut micrebiota in hyperlipidemia rats(Wistar rats). The hyperlipidemia rat model was successfully bulit by inhacing with high-fat diet.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate the effects of three kinds of Potentilla fruticosa tea on blood lipid in hyperlipidemia rats.Meanwhile, the diversity and structural changes of intestinal flora were analyzed by 16rS high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that compared with the model group, the HDL content of Potentilla fruticosa tea group was increased.There was significant difference in Potentilla fruticosa black tea group (P<0.05).The contents of TG, TC in Potentilla fruticosa flower tea, green tea and black tea groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the content of LDL was decreased, but the difference was significant only in flower tea (P<0.05). At the same time, the results of intestinal flora showed that at the Phylum level, the abundance of dominant flora Firmicutes was down-regulated, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes was up-regulated. At thegenus level, the abundance of Lactobacillus and bacteroides in the intestinal tract of rats was significantly increased, while the abundance of unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae decreased significantly.Conclusion Potentilla fruticosa tea had the effect of regulating blood lipid and intestinal flora in hyperlipidemia rats, which had a tendency to recover to normal control group. It is speculated that Potentilla fruticosa tea may play a role in reducing blood lipid by interfering with lipid metabolism pathway by intestinal flora.