花色苷对视网膜的保护作用及其机制研究进展

智能手机、平板电脑等电子设备的广泛使用导致过量光暴露，这会造成视网膜光氧化损伤，引发不容忽视的公共健康问题。花色苷为可食用植物色素，广泛分布于深色的蔬菜、浆果和谷物中，人们通过混合膳食每天可以摄入数十毫克的花色苷。研究表明，不同来源花色苷对视网膜中多种细胞具有保护功效，摄入花色苷有助于维持视觉健康，但具体作用机制尚不明确。本文以花色苷的吸收代谢、视网膜光氧化损伤机理及花色苷在视网膜保护机制方面的研究现状进行综述，聚焦花色苷抑制视网膜中类视色素二聚体光氧化和光裂解、减轻脂质过氧化产物损伤、激活抗氧化通路、降低炎症反应、缓解内质网应激、抑制细胞凋亡等保护机制，系统阐述花色苷保护视网膜细胞的关键作用靶点，以期为花色苷类功能因子保护视觉健康提供参考依据。

Recent Progress in the Protective Effects of Anthocyanins on the Retina and Its Mechanism

Excessive exposure to blue light caused by the wide use of smart phones, tablet computers and other electronic devices can induce retinal photooxidative damage, causing a public health problem that cannot be overlooked. Anthocyanins, edible plant pigments, are widely distributed in dark-colored vegetables, berries and cereals. The individual daily intake of anthocyanins has been estimated to be tens of milligrams per person. Previous studies have reported that anthocyanins exert protective effects on retinal cells and are beneficial for vision health, but the specific mechanism of action is not yet clear. In this paper, we review the current status of research on the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins, the mechanism of light-induced retinal oxidative damage and the mechanism by which anthocyanins protect the retina from light-induced damage, focusing on the fact that anthocyanins protect against photo-oxidation and photo-degradation of bisretinoids, reduce damage caused by lipid peroxidation products, activate antioxidant pathways, reduce inflammation, suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibit cells apoptosis. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate the key targets for the protective effect of anthocyanins on retinal cells, which provide scientific evidence for anthocyanins as functional food factors to maintain vision health.