基于增材制造的Y形流道压力损失建模研究

增材制造技术因其能够成形复杂结构而适用于高集成轻量化的液压系统，但增材制造成形流道的壁面粗糙度与传统钻削及铸造加工的流道不同，尤其是复杂管路系统中的流道分支结构，经典压力损失计算模型无法直接使用，迫切需要研究增材制造成形流道的压力损失数学模型。因此，以典型的流道分支结构——Y形流道为研究对象，应用伯努利方程、动量定理及达西公式建立其压力损失数学模型，并得到增材制造的成形角度对流道壁面粗糙度的影响。利用仿真分析分流比、分支角度及流道直径对压力损失的影响规律，初步验证Y形流道压力损失数学模型的准确性。搭建Y形流道压力损失测试试验台，利用增材制造加工Y形流道测试件，测定不同分流比、分支角度及流道直径下的流道压力损失。结果表明，不同参数下Y形流道压力损失数学模型计算结果与仿真分析结果平均误差均在9%之内，而不同参数下Y形流道压力损失数学模型计算结果与试验测试结果平均误差均在8%之内。研究成果可为增材制造成形低损耗管路的设计奠定基础。

Pressure Loss Modeling of Y-shaped Flow Channel Based on Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing(AM) technology is applied for the high integrated and lightweight hydraulic system because of its ability to form complicated structure. However, the surface roughness of flow channel formed by AM is different from traditional drilling and casting ones, especially in complicated pipeline system. It is urgent to study the pressure loss mathematic model of flow channel formed by AM because the classical pressure loss mathematic model can not be used directly. Y-shaped flow channel, a typical flow channel, is taken as the research object. The pressure loss mathematic model of Y-shaped flow channel is established based on Bernoulli equation, Momentum theorem, and Darcy formula. The influence of AM forming Angle on the surface roughness is analyzed. The influence laws on the splitting ratio, branch Angle, and flow channel diameter of pressure loss are studied by simulation. The Y-shaped flow channel test platform is built and the models of Y-shaped flow channel are manufactured by AM. Then the pressure loss of the flow channels under different splitting ratio, branch Angle and flow channel diameter is measured. The results show that the average error of pressure loss between simulation and calculation is less than 9% and the one between experiment and calculation is less than 8%. Research can lay a foundation for the design of low pressure loss pipeline formed by AM.