检测牛奶中杂质的表面增强拉曼光谱基底研究进展

牛奶安全问题时有发生，为了保证食品安全，避免给消费者带来健康风险，乳制品行业亟需开发快速和无损的检测方法。表面增强拉曼光谱法（Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy，SERS）作为一种分子指纹技术，具有操作简便、无损、快速和受水干扰小等优点，因而被广泛应用于奶制品的快速、灵敏检测。SERS信号的稳定性和重现性主要取决于表面增强基底的制备，本文综述了近年来用于牛奶检测的SERS增强基底的制备方法，目前研究比较多的SERS基底材料是成本较高的贵金属材料，导致贵金属基底的应用受到一些局限，因此新型材料的SERS基底是表面增强拉曼光谱研究的新热点。此外，目前所报道的应用于牛奶检测的SERS基底中，所检测的物质只是牛奶中众多杂质的一部分，甲醛、过氧化氢、重铬酸和水杨酸等掺假物质还未见报道。

Research Progress on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Detection of Impurities in Milk

Milk safety problems occur frequently, in order to assure the food safety and avoid health risks to consumers, rapid and non-invasive analytical procedures need to be proposed for detection of dairy industry. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a fast and sensitive molecular fingerprint technology. Because of its easy operation, non-invasive, fast and unaffected by water, it is widely used in the detection of dairy products. The stability and reproducibility of SERS signals mainly depend on the preparation of SERS substrates. This article reviews the preparation methods of SERS substrates in milk testing in recent years, the most study of SERS substrate materials are high-cost precious metal materials, which leads to some limitations in the application of precious metal substrates. Therefore, SERS substrates of new materials are one of the prospects of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy research. In addition, the currently reported SERS substrates used in milk detection are only part of the many pollutants in milk, adulterants such as formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, dichromic acid and salicylic acid have not been reported.