黄土高原旱塬区不同品种苹果果实糖及有机酸含量比较分析

为明确黄土高原旱塬区不同品种苹果果实中糖与有机酸含量的特征，对主栽的30个品种果实中糖、酸类物质含量进行分析。采用高效液相色谱法（High-phase liquid chromatography，HPLC）对30个品种成熟期果实中可溶性糖与有机酸含量进行了测定，并对数据进行单因素方差分析与相关性分析。结果表明:不同品种苹果果实糖组分中果糖含量最高，均值为52.964 mg/g，占总糖含量的48.82%，且二者呈极显著性相关（r=0.787），果糖含量最高的品种为‘嘎啦’（69.736 mg/g），大部分品种果实中蔗糖含量高于葡萄糖含量，只有3个品种表现出葡萄糖含量高于蔗糖含量，分别为‘金冠’、‘八月富士’和‘无锈金矮生’；不同品种苹果果实酸组分中苹果酸含量最高，均值为3.857 mg/g，占总酸含量的57.44%，且二者呈极显著性相关（r=0.845），奎宁酸含量次之，其他种类有机酸含量较低，苹果酸含量最高的品种为‘寒富’（8.109 mg/g）；甜度值/总酸含量大于30的品种有3个，分别为‘世界1号’、‘金冠’和‘嘎啦’，介于20～30之间的品种有13个，小于20的品种有14个。苹果果实中甜度值和总酸含量、以及甜度值与总酸含量的比值共同影响果实风味。

Comparative Analysis of Sugar and Organic Acid Contents of Different Apple Cultivars in Dryland of Loess Plateau

In order to clarify the characteristics of soluble sugar and organic acid contents among different varieties of apple fruits in the dry area of loess plateau, the contents of sugar and acid in the fruits of 30 main varieties were analyzed. The soluble sugar and organic acid contents in 30 varieties of ripe fruits were tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the data were analyzed for one-way ANOVA and correlation. The results showed that the fructose contents was the highest in different varieties of apple fruit sugar group with an average value of 52.964 mg/g, accounting for 48.52% of the total sugar contents, and the two were extremely significantly related (r=0.787), and the highest fructose contents was ‘gala’ (69.736 mg/g), the sucrose contents in most apple varieties were higher than glucose, and only 3 varieties showed that glucose contents were higher than sucrose contents, respectively ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘August Fuji’ and ‘Gold Spur’. The main organic acid in different apple varieties was malic acid, with an average value of 3.857 mg/g, accounting for 58.74% of the total acid contents, and the two were extremely significantly related (r=0.845), the contents of quinine acid was second, other types of organic acids contents were low, the variety with the highest malic acid contents was ‘Hanfu’ (8.109 mg/g). There were 3 varieties with sweetness value/total acid contents greater than 30, respectively ‘World No1’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Gala’, and 13 varieties between 20 and 30, and 14 varieties with less than 20. The sweetness value and total acid contents of apple fruit, as well as their ratio affected the flavor of fruit together.