抗菌肽结构优化与改造策略研究进展

抗菌肽（AMPs）是一类具有抗菌活性的生物活性肽，由于热稳定性好、细胞选择性强、对哺乳动物细胞毒副作用少和不易产生耐药性等优势，成为近年来生物活性肽领域重要的研究热点。该文简要介绍了抗菌肽的分类，综述了抗菌肽的一级结构与空间结构特点，并从改变净正电荷数量与分布、调整抗菌肽α-螺旋度、提高抗菌肽蛋白酶耐受性、改变疏水性及平均疏水矩大小、改变两亲性、改变氨基酸残基位置及肽链长度、构建杂合抗菌肽、降低哺乳动物细胞毒性和制备金属抗菌肽提升抗菌活性与拓展抗菌谱等方面阐述抗菌肽的结构改造策略，并对抗菌肽结构优化策略研究进行了展望，旨在为抗菌肽结构优化策略的选择提供理论参考。

Advances on structural optimization and reformation strategies of antimicrobial peptides

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of bioactive peptides with antibacterial activity. In recent years, bioactive peptides have become an important research focus in the field of bioactive peptides due to their advantages of good thermal stability, strong cell selectivity, few toxic side effects on mammalian cells and less drug resistance. The classification of AMPs was briefly introduced, the primary structure and spatial structure characteristics of AMPs were reviewed, and the structural reformation strategy was elaborated in aspect of changing the number and distribution of net positive charges, adjusting antimicrobial peptide α-helicity, improving antimicrobial peptide protease tolerance, changing hydrophobicity and average hydrophobic moment size, change amphipathicity, changing amino acid residue position and peptide chain length, constructing hybrid combine antimicrobial peptides, reducing mammalian cytotoxicity and preparing metal antimicrobial peptides to improving antibacterial activity and expanding antibacterial spectrum. The research on the structure optimization strategy of antimicrobial peptide was prospected, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the selection of antimicrobial peptide structure optimization strategy.