脑-肠轴与精神疾病肠道微生物的研究进展

人体肠道拥有大量且种类丰富的微生物群，在机体的多项生理过程中扮演着重要的角色。近年来越来越多的研究表明，肠道菌群可以通过脑-肠轴来调节机体大脑的发育和行为，从而对自闭症谱系障碍、精神分裂症、抑郁症、焦虑症等精神类疾病具有良好的防治作用。本文在阐述脑-肠轴的双向调控机制基础上，总结了与各种精神疾病直接相关因素的变化和可能机制，并进一步归纳了近年来国内外关于各类精神疾病中肠道微生物改变的研究进展，以期为上述精神类疾病患者通过早期益生菌干预治疗的研究提供新的思路和理论参考。

Advances in the Study of Brain-Gut Axis and Intestinal Microorganisms in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

There are a large number and a wide variety of enteric microorganism in the human intestinal tract, gut microbiota plays an important role in many physiological processes in the human body. More recently, studies have shown that intestinal flora can regulate the development and behavior of the body’s brain through the brain-gut axis, thus playing a key role in the prevention and treatment of autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders and so on. In this article, the bidirectional regulation mechanism of the brain- intestine axis is described, the changes and possible mechanisms of the factors directly related to various mental disorders are summarized, and the recent domestic and foreign research progress on intestinal microbial changes in various mental diseases is further generalized, which provide a new idea and theoretical reference for the study of early probiotics intervention treatment for patients with mental diseases mentioned above.