发菜多糖的提取、纯化及生物活性研究进展

发菜（Nostoc flagelliforme）是一种药食两用的陆生念珠藻（Nostoc），含有发菜多糖、多种氨基酸和微量元素、维生素、海胆酮以及藻蓝叶黄素、藻蓝素、别藻蓝素等功能性成分。发菜细胞能够合成一种胶状物，其主要的功能性成分就是发菜多糖。研究表明，发菜多糖具有抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抑菌抗炎以及免疫调节等多种活性功能，因此，在食品、医药等方面极具开发潜力。本文主要针对发菜多糖的提取、分离纯化和结构特征三个方面进行综述，并概括总结了发菜多糖的生物合成和生物活性研究进展，以期为发菜多糖的进一步研究和开发应用提供理论依据。

Research Progress on Extraction,Purification and Biological Activities of Nostoc flagelliforme Polysaccharides

Nostoc flagelliforme is a kind of terrestrial Nostoc, and can usually be used as food and medicine. It includes sugars, various amino acids and trace elements, vitamins, echinone, phycocyanophyll, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and some other functional ingredients. Nostoc flagelliforme cells can synthesize a gelatinous substance, and its main functional ingredient is Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharide. At present, a number of studies have shown that Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides have various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. Therefore, Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides have great potential in the fields of food and medicine. This paper mainly reviews the methods of extraction, separation, purification and the structural characteristics of Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides, and also summarizes the research progress on biosynthesis and bioactivities of Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides, expecting to provide theoretical basis for further researches and development of Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides.