云南牛肝菌不同部位三种重金属含量特征及风险评价

本研究对云南不同部位牛肝菌进行重金属污染和膳食风险评价。采用ICP-MS法测定我国云南9种牛肝菌中Cd、As、Pb含量，分析其不同部位含量特征。运用单因子污染指数与内梅罗综合污染指数评价牛肝菌重金属污染情况，目标危害商数法评价牛肝菌食用健康风险。研究发现:牛肝菌Cd、Pb、As含量均有不同程度超标，重金属的富集可能与部位、种类、产地有关。Cd含量最高为20.89 mg/kg，Cd是牛肝菌主要的重金属污染源，在综合健康风险中占据主导位置。差异性分析表明，大部份相同种类相同部位不同产地牛肝菌重金属含量具有显著性差异；来自同一市区的相同种类牛肝菌样品重金属含量无显著性差异。不同种类、不同部位的污染程度均有差异。大部分牛肝菌三种重金属P_i>1，综合污染指数显示，轻度污染与重度污染的样品较多，研究结果旨在为资源的开发利用与消费者合理膳食提供借鉴。

Content Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Three Heavy Metals in Different Parts of Boletaceae in Yunnan Province

Heavy metal pollution and dietary risk assessment of Boletaceae from different parts of Yunnan Province were conducted in this paper. The contents of Cd, As and Pb in 9 species of Boletaceae in Yunnan Province were determined by ICP-MS, and the content characteristics of different parts were analyzed. The single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of Boletaceae. Objective hazards quotient method was used to evaluate the health risk of Boletaceae. It was found that the contents of Cd, Pb and As in Boletaceae exceeded the standard in varying degrees. The enrichment of heavy metals may be related to the location, species and origin. The highest content of Cd was 20.89 mg/kg. Cd was the main heavy metal pollution source of Boletaceae, and it played a leading role in the comprehensive health risk. The difference analysis showed that there were significant differences in heavy metal contents in most of the same species, same parts and different habitats. There was no significant difference in heavy metal content of the same species of Boletaceae from the same urban area. The pollution degree of different types and parts was different. Most of the three heavy metals in Boletaceae were P_i>1. The comprehensive pollution index showed that there were more samples of mild and severe pollution. The purpose of this study is to provide reference to the development and utilization of resources and reasonable diet for consumers.