Modifying the Alkylglucosinolate Profile in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis> Alters the Tritrophic Interaction with the Herbivore <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brevicoryne brassicae</Emphasis> and Parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diaeretiella rapae</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Ralph Kissen Tom W Pope Murray Grant John A Pickett John T Rossiter Glen Powell |
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Affiliation: | (1) Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, UK, SW7 2AZ;(2) Present address: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;(3) Present address: ADAS, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge, CB3 8NN, UK;(4) School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK;(5) Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK; |
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Abstract: | Arabidopsis thaliana was used as an experimental model plant to investigate a tritrophic interaction between the plant, a specialist aphid herbivore, Brevicoryne brassicae, and its natural enemy, the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae. The A. thaliana ecotype Col-5 was transformed with a functional 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (BniGSL-ALK) that converts 3-methylsulfinylpropylglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate to 2-propenylglucosinolate and 3-butenylglucosinolate, respectively. This transformation results in a change in the glucosinolate hydrolysis profile where 3-butenylisothiocyanate, 2-propenylisothiocyanate and 5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione are produced in contrast to the wild-type plant where 4-methylsulfinylbutylisothiocyanate is the main product. Performance of B. brassicae was affected negatively by transforming Col-5 with BniGSL-ALK in terms of mean relative growth rates. In a series of behavioral bioassays, naïve D. rapae females were able to discriminate between B. brassicae infested and uninfested Col-5 plants transformed with BniGSL-ALK, with parasitoids showing a preference for B. brassicae infested plants. By contrast, naïve D. rapae females were unable to discriminate between aphid infested and uninfested Col-5 plants. Subsequent air entrainments of B. brassicae infested Col-5 plants transformed with BniGSL-ALK further confirmed the presence of 3-butenylisothiocyanate in the headspace. By contrast, no glucosinolate hydrolysis products were recorded from similarly infested Col-5 plants. |
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