Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Lower Niagara River,Lake Ontario |
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| Authors: | Alexander Gatch Dimitry Gorsky Zy Biesinger Eric Bruestle Kelley Lee Curt Karboski Meredith L Bartron Tyler Wagner |
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| Affiliation: | 1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, NY 14013, United States;2. Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, 413 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States;3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center, 308 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848, United States;4. U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States;1. Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States;2. Biological Services – Great Lakes Section, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Odanah, WI 54861, United States;1. Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;2. The Greer Galloway Group, 973 Crawford Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 3X1, Canada;3. Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada;4. Bruce Power, PO Box 1540, 177 Tie Road, R.R. 2, Tiverton, Ontario N0G 2T0, Canada;5. Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada;6. Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada;2. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 101 Exchange Avenue, Vaughan, ON L4K 5R6, Canada;3. McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;4. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada;1. Freshwater Fisheries Conservation Lab, Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;2. Lake Ontario Management Unit, Glenora Fisheries Station, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Picton, Ontario, Canada;3. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;4. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Ontario Biological Station, Oswego, NY, United States;1. Central Michigan University, Department of Biology, Biosciences 2100, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, United States;2. Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States;3. Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Drinking Water and Environmental Health Division, 525 W. Allegan Street, Lansing, MI 48933, United States;4. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Oden State Fish Hatchery, 8258 S. Ayr Road, Alanson, MI 49706, United States;5. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Research Station, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720, United States;6. The Nature Conservancy, 721 Flanner Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States;7. The Nature Conservancy, 101 E. César E. Chávez Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906, United States |
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| Abstract: | Restoration of a wild-produced lake trout Salvelinus namaycush population in Lake Ontario has not been successful despite the adult population often meeting or exceeding restoration targets. Lack of high-quality spawning habitat in Lake Ontario is suggested as one impediment to recruitment of wild lake trout, although the quantity and location of spawning habitat is poorly understood. If high-quality spawning habitat is limited in Lake Ontario, lake trout may be using uncommon spawning locations such as rivers. Anecdotal angler accounts point to the Niagara River as a lake trout spawning location. To better understand the potential of the Niagara River as a spawning location, egg and juvenile fish collections were conducted 12–14 river kilometers from the mouth of the Niagara River from 2010 to 2012; and mature female lake trout with surgically implanted acoustic tags were monitored from 2015 to 2019. Genetic analyses confirmed 60% of collected eggs and 93% of collected post-hatch juvenile fish in the Niagara River were lake trout. Tagged female lake trout returned to the Niagara River over consecutive years during the spawning season. The short duration of lake trout presence in the river (mean = 56 days/year) suggests female lake trout use the Niagara River primarily for spawning. Diversity in spawning locations may provide lake trout population’s resilience against environmental variability through a portfolio effect. Improved identification of riverine spawning locations, including their overall contribution to wild recruitment, may be a useful tool for managers to restore a wild-produced population of lake trout in Lake Ontario. |
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| Keywords: | Acoustic telemetry GLATOS Lithophilic Portfolio effect Great lakes Spawning |
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