Groundwater-surface water interactions and agricultural nutrient transport in a Great Lakes clay plain system |
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| Authors: | Ceilidh Mackie Jana Levison Andrew Binns Ivan O'Halloran |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;2. School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph Ridgetown, 120 Main St E, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada;1. Cornell Biological Field Station and the Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA;2. NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 1431 Beach Street, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;4. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 19 Henerala Rodimtseva str, Kyiv UA-02000, Ukraine;1. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;2. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Water Science and Technology, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada;1. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada;2. Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, SUNY-Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY 14420, USA;1. Department of Geography, Environment, and Tourism, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States;2. College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 1000193, China |
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| Abstract: | Nutrient export from agricultural land to surface waters is a significant environmental concern within the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). A field-based watershed-scale study was completed to investigate spatial and temporal variations of phosphorus and nitrate to assess nutrient transport pathways and groundwater-surface water interactions in an agriculturally dominated clay plain system. This was conducted in the 127 km2 Upper Parkhill Watershed, near Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Data collection occurred from June 2018 to May 2019 via continuous sensor deployment and discrete sampling of stream water, groundwater, hyporheic zone, and tile drainage water. Samples were analyzed for various nutrient species (total, total dissolved, soluble reactive, and particulate phosphorus, and nitrate-N) to examine the hydrological dynamics of principal transport pathways of agriculturally-derived nutrients. Total phosphorus and nitrate concentrations in stream water ranged from 0.007 to 0.324 mg/L and 0.32 to 13.13 mg NO3?-N/L, respectively. Tile drainage water total phosphorous concentrations varied from 0.006 to 0.066 mg/L. Groundwater total dissolved phosphorus concentrations ranged from <0.003 to 0.085 mg/L. Transport of phosphorus through tile drainage was observed to be greater than through groundwater over the study period. No distinct relationship was observed between nutrient concentrations in the hyporheic zone and the vertical hydraulic gradient within this zone in the studied stream reach. Preliminary correlations were discerned between water quality observations and recognized land management practices. Given the elevated stream nutrient concentrations, these results are consequential for the continual improvement of strategies and programs devised to conserve water resources within the GLB. |
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| Keywords: | Phosphorus Nitrogen Nutrient transport Groundwater-surface water interactions |
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