Occurrence of residues of veterinary antibiotics in water,sediment and trout tissue (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern area of Lake Titicaca,Peru |
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| Authors: | Franz Zirena Vilca Nestor Cahui Galarza Juan R. Tejedo Walter Alejandro Zamalloa Cuba Clara Nely Campos Quiróz Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú, IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín, Pacocha-Ilo, Peru;2. Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidsad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Av. Floral, 1153 Puno, Peru;3. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain;4. Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av Floral S/N, Puno, Peru;5. SAMYECO S.R.L. Urb. Las Terrazas, Mz I lote 30, Pacocha-Ilo, Peru;6. Centro de Energía Nuclear na Agricultura, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicologia, Avenida Centenario 303, 13416-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;7. Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru;1. Loyola University Chicago, School of Environmental Sustainability, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA;2. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 2661 Scott Tower Drive, New Franken, WI 52229, USA;1. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA;4. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;1. Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Grand Valley State University, Allendale Charter Township, MI 49401, USA;3. Cherokee Nation Businesses at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI USA;4. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA |
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| Abstract: | The city of Puno in Peru is the largest producer of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using intensive floating cage systems installed in Lake Titicaca. As a result, the increase in diseases and the use of antibiotics to control them during the production cycle has been documented. We study the impact of antibiotics on drinking water, trout tissues and the lake's aquatic ecosystem. Nine antibiotics were monitored: tetracyclines, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. The samples were collected randomly and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the solid-phase extraction system. The sediment samples and surface water samples contain high concentrations of antibiotics. All sediments contain fluoroquinolones (3.74 mg kg?1) and tetracyclines (3.08 mg kg?1) and the surface water contains fluoroquinolones of up to 408.2 and 652.7 ng L?1 in the dry and rainy seasons respectively (P > 0.05). Drinking water samples from the city of Puno collected at sampling points with Lake Titicaca as a source of drinking water, reached an average of 188.1 and 222.2 ng L?1 of ciprofloxacin in dry and rainy seasons respectively. Complementarily, in trout tissues, it reached 7.8 μg kg?1 in oxytetracycline 8.7 μg kg?1 in sulfatizole, 4.2 μg kg?1 in ciprofloxacin and 3.6 μg kg?1 in sarafloxacin. The presence of these antibiotics in surface water is attributed to the aquaculture activity, in addition to runoff and wastewater, and their presence can have detrimental effects on the aquatic ecosystem, and even affect public health due to the consumption of aquaculture products and drinking water contaminated with antibiotic residues. |
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| Keywords: | Aquaculture Emerging pollutant Water pollution Environmental risk Veterinary products Trout and drinking water |
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