Diets of the benthic amphipod Diporeia in southern Lake Michigan before and after the dreissenid invasion |
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| Authors: | Mark B Edlund David J Jude Thomas F Nalepa |
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| Affiliation: | 1. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, 16910 152nd St N, Marine on St. Croix, MN 55047, USA;2. School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (emeritus), NOAA, 4840 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48107, USA;4. Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan, 625 E. Liberty St., Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;1. Freshwater Fisheries Conservation Lab, Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;2. Lake Ontario Management Unit, Glenora Fisheries Station, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Picton, Ontario, Canada;3. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;4. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Ontario Biological Station, Oswego, NY, United States;1. Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;2. The Greer Galloway Group, 973 Crawford Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 3X1, Canada;3. Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada;4. Bruce Power, PO Box 1540, 177 Tie Road, R.R. 2, Tiverton, Ontario N0G 2T0, Canada;5. Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada;6. Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada;2. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 101 Exchange Avenue, Vaughan, ON L4K 5R6, Canada;3. McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;4. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada;1. Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, 207 Swenson Science Building, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;2. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA;3. US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lake Shore East, Ashland, WI 54806, USA;4. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland Fish and Wildlife Office, 2800 Lake Shore East, Ashland, WI 54806, USA |
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| Abstract: | Diporeia spp. were a key component of the Great Lakes benthos, converting the pelagic algal rain to secondary production, which is critical for Great Lakes fishes. However, Diporeia declines since the 1980s have been rapid and widespread. While there are temporal relationships between Diporeia declines and spread of zebra and quagga mussels, establishing a mechanistic link has been difficult. Diporeia declines may result from competition for food resources with dreissenid mussels; however, conflicting evidence suggests food limitation may not be the direct link. To test food limitation, we analyzed gut contents of Diporeia collected between the 1980s and 2009 from two deep (>100 m) and one nearshore station (~50 m depth) in southern Lake Michigan. We further analyzed sediment cores from the same stations to resolve relationships among food resources, Diporeia diet, and diet selectivity during pre- and post-dreissenid invasion. In spring, pre-dreissenid Diporeia fed selectively and exclusively on large (Stephanodiscus) and filamentous centric diatoms (Aulacoseira). Diporeia diets showed significant shifts during the 2000s to greater proportions of small centric and araphid diatoms, coincident with Diporeia declines and offshore expansion of quagga mussels. Sediment cores recorded declines in Aulacoseira and large Stephanodiscus from 1960 to 2009 and increases in small centrics after dreissenid introduction. Accounting for high selectivity in springtime Diporeia diets, community changes in sediment records are consistent with changes observed in Diporeia diets and suggest Diporeia declines have been exacerbated by a shift from more nutritious and highly preferred diatom species to less nutritious and negatively selected species. |
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| Keywords: | Zebra mussels Quagga mussels Biogenic silica Paleolimnology Selectivity index |
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