Tank模型及其在边坡水位预测中的应用

 Tank模型可以模拟非线性的降雨–地下水运移过程，并且能迅速得到解答。基于现有的单列tank模型，提出新的复合水箱模型。由于新模型参数超过20个，应用传统优化算法难以快速找到最优解，一种新的启发式自搜索算法(变维数搜索算法)被引入并改进后用于模型最优解的寻找。变维数搜索算法能够根据搜索进程的变化自动改变搜索维数并且快速找到最优解。27个参数的复合tank模型被应用于日本国道九号线的一个边坡，计算结果表明：变维数搜索算法能够在10 min左右找到合适的最优解；降雨过程复合tank模型计算的地下水位变化和观测值非常接近。最后通过和有限单元法计算结果的比较表明，有限单元法的计算结果受地质渗透特性的影响很大，而复合tank模型不存在这种问题。工程实例计算表明，该方法和监测结果比较一致，但其适应性更强，特别适用于没有进行足够地质结构探查的边坡。它能够快速反映降雨过程中地下水位的运移过程，可以推广使用。

TANK MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO PREDICTING GROUNDWATER TABLE IN SLOPE

Tank model is a helpful tool for rainfall-groundwater-runoff analysis since it can represent a nonlinear transport behavior and get solutions very quickly. It is known that the successful application of one conceptual model mostly depends on how well its parameters can be calibrated. Recently,in many literatures,it is indicated that by use of existing calibration methods,the calibration process with many parameters(such as multi-tank model proposed in this paper has parameters over 20) is typically difficult,sometimes even impossible to obtain unique optimal parameters. A new random optimization approach called dynamically dimensioned search(DDS) algorithm is introduced and improved for parameters calibration of tank model. DDS is designed for calibration problems with many parameters,requires no complicated algorithm parameter to be adjusted,and automatically scales the search to find good solutions within the maximum model evaluations. Tank model with 27 parameters is applied to the actual case;and DDS algorithm is adopted to find optimal solutions. The calculated runoff roughly agrees with the measured values. Finally a comparison between finite element method(FEM) and tank model is conducted,which shows that during rainfall infiltration,the multi-tank model has advantages over FEM in the simulation process of predicting groundwater table. It is clarified that the multi-connected tank model is useful in groundwater table prediction of the basin especially when the slope stability analysis is necessary there.