Fifteen chemistries for autonomous external self-healing polymers and composites |
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Affiliation: | 1. Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;2. SIM vzw, Technologiepark 935, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;1. Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA;1. Materials Science & Engineering Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece;2. Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK;3. Institute of Nanomaterials & Nanoscience, NCSR Demokritos, Ag. Paraskevi, 15310, Greece;1. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Mechanics of Materials of Constructions (MeMC), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;2. SIM vzw, Technologiepark 935, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium |
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Abstract: | This review aims at guiding both new and established researchers in the field of self-healing by providing a clear overview of the fifteen most important chemistries used in autonomous external self-healing systems until today, together with their healing potential for different matrix materials and types of mechanical damage. The described self-healing systems require no manual intervention or additional stimulus for the self-healing event to take place (autonomous) and utilize added healing agents to repair the damage (external). A range of recent developments is discussed with indication of their strengths and weaknesses. An attempt is also made to demonstrate the research opportunities that are still available for each described system and to find the areas that require further elaboration. As such, this review can help to point the reader in the directions these self-healing materials could follow in the future. |
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Keywords: | Self-healing polymers Self-repair Autonomous healing Polymer composites BDMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0030" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," $$" :[{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" benzyl-" },{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" N" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" ," },{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" N" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" -dimethylamine CAI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0040" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" compression after impact CoNp" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cobalt naphtenate CT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" compact tension CuAAC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition DBTL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," $$" :[{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" di-" },{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" n" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" -butyltin dilaurate DCB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" double cantilever beam DCDC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" double cleavage drilled compression DCPD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" dicyclopentadiene DETA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" diethylenetriamine DMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" dynamic mechanical analysis DMF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" dimethylformamide DMP-30" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,4,6-tris(dimethyl aminomethyl)phenol DMPA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0160" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone DTP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0170" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" diglycidyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophtalate EMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0180" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ethylene maleic anhydride ENB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0190" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene EPA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0200" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ethyl phenylacetate EPON 828" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0210" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" bisphenol A diglycidyl ether FGE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0220" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" furfurylglycidyl ether GDMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0230" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 1,3-glyceryl dimethacrylate GMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0240" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glycidylmethacrylate HDI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0250" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hexamethylene diisocyanate HEMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0260" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate HGF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0270" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hollow glass fiber HOPDMS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0280" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" silanol-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) J-80" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0290" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" resorcinol diglycidyl ether mode I stress intensity factor range fracture toughness maximal stress intensity factor minimal stress intensity factor MBCA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0340" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 4,4′-methylene biscyclohexanamine MBM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0350" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," $$" :[{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" N" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" ," },{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" N" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" ′-(methylene-di-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide 2-MeIm" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0360" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2-methylimidazole MEKP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0370" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" methyl ethyl ketone peroxide MF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0380" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" melamine-formaldehyde PDES" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0390" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" poly(diethoxysiloxane) PDMS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0400" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" poly(dimethylsiloxane) PEG" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0410" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" polyethylene glycol PIB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0420" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" poly(isobutylene) PMM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0430" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" poly(phenylmethanemaleimide) PMMA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0440" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" poly(methyl methacrylate) PS-PBD-PS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0450" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," $$" :[{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" polystyrene-" },{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" b" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" -polybutadiene-" },{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" b" },{" #name" :" __text__" ," _" :" -polystyrene PU" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0460" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" polyurethane RCS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0470" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" residual compressive strength ROMP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0480" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ring-opening metathesis polymerization SENB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0490" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" single-edge notch bend TDCB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0500" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" tapered double cantilever beam TetraThiol" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0510" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) TPP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0530" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" triphenylphosphine TTMP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0540" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) UF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0550" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" urea-formaldehyde |
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