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Emerging pulsed electric field (PEF) and static magnetic field (SMF) combination technology for food freezing
Affiliation:1. Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France;2. Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain;3. Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko, NAS of Ukraine, 42, blvr. Vernadskogo, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine;1. Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;2. School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand;3. Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;1. Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;2. Center of Excellence on Food Safety and Quality, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;3. UMR GEPEA (CNRS 6144), ENITIAA, Rue de la Géraudière BP 82225, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France;1. Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;2. Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;3. School of Biomedical Sciences, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation and ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
Abstract:The potential of an innovative freezing technique by applying combined pulsed electric field (PEF) and static magnetic field (SMF) was successfully tested and validated. 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was frozen under the PEF (1.78 V cm−1, duty ratio: 0.5) at the frequencies of 0–20 kHz and different SMF conditions (attractive and repulsive). At −20 °C, an increase in the working frequencies reduced the phase transition time and the shortest phase transition time (1443 ± 2 s) was obtained at 20 kHz. The patterns of ice crystals became uniformly round (roundness: 0.88–0.90) under the PEF. The effects of attractive and repulsive SMFs showed different patterns in ice crystal formation with the shortest phase transition time under the repulsive SMF. The combined PEF (1.78 V cm−1 at 20 kHz) and repulsive SMF resulted in an effective and synergistic freezing process, forming uniformly round and the smallest mean size of ice crystals in the shortest phase transition (1004 ± 3 s).
Keywords:Freezing  Ice crystallization  Pulsed electric field  Static magnetic field  Phase transition time  Congélation  Cristallisation de glace  Champ électrique pulsé  Champ magnétique statique  Durée de transition de phase
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