特厚煤层掘进工作面冲击地压综合监测预警技术研究

以近年来特厚煤层掘进工作面冲击地压事故为工程背景,通过事故现场勘查对其发生冲击地压的机理进行研究,提出了基于围岩动态结构演化的掘进工作面冲击地压事故分区:即迎头区、塑性圈动态演化区、塑性圈稳定区。通过研究各区域冲击地压发生机理和可监测特征,提出了采用"围岩震动、围岩应力动态、锚杆锚索支护力和煤体钻屑量"进行四位一体的监测预警特厚煤层掘进面冲击地压实时危险性的学术思想,并通过现场实践得出了工程上监测预警特厚煤层掘进工作面冲击危险性的方法和指标。将研究成果分别应用于陕西、河南等矿区特厚煤层工作面掘进期间的冲击地压监测预警,有效预警了掘进期间的冲击危险并及时采取了卸压解危措施,保证了工作面的安全开采。

Comprehensive monitoring and early warning technology for rock burst of tunneling face with thick coal seams

Through site investigations on thick coal seam rock burst accidents in recent years and studies on their mechanisms, the division method for rock burst of tunneling face is proposed based on the dynamic structure evolution of surrounding rock, that is, head zone, dynamic evolution zone and stable zone. By studying the mechanism and monitoring characteristics of rock burst in those zones, an academic thought of four-in-one monitoring of “vibration of surrounding rock, stress dynamics of surrounding rock, supporting force of rock anchor bolts and amount of coal drillings” is put forward to give real time warning of rock burst risks in tunneling of extra-thick coal seams, and the revelant methods and indices are obtained. The research results are applied to the monitoring of rock burst in the extra-thick coal seams in the mines in Henan and Shaanxi provinces, and effective warnings are given during excavation, together with timely measures to release the pressure so as to ensure safe mining of working faces.