Biosurfactants from Urban Wastes for Detergent Formulation: Surface Activity and Washing Performance |
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Authors: | Piero Savarino Enzo Montoneri Giorgia Musso Vittorio Boffa |
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Affiliation: | 1.Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica,Università di Torino,Turin,Italy |
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Abstract: | To promote biobased products for industry, six biosurfactants (BS) isolated from green and food urban residues aged under
aerobic digestion for 0–60 days were investigated for their chemical composition, surface activity properties and detergent
performance in fabric washing in comparison with commercial anionic and nonionic surfactants (CS). The BS exhibited a range
of chemical composition and surface activity properties presumably related to their different biomass sources. Surface tension
data for these substances correlated meaningfully with performance data in fabric washing. It was found that BS have similar
performances as CS when used neat, but the 1:1 w/w BS–CS mixes are characterized by significant synergy. High sensitivity
to water hardness and fabric yellowing were found to be the main deficiencies for the BS. However, both effects are minimized
or are not critically evident when the BS are used together with CS and/or in common detergents formulations. The results
indicate that when used above critical micellar concentration, no significant or critical performance differences are evident
within the whole group of BS or between BS and CS. These facts encourage expectations for industrial production and real commercialization
of BS as components of detergents formulations. |
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