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Investigation of the refractory bricks used for the flue wall of the horizontal anode baking ring furnace
Affiliation:1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013 PR China;2. School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212003 PR China;1. Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Research & Development, Umicore, Watertorenstraat 33, BE-2250 Olen, Belgium;1. Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada;2. NSERC/Alcoa Industrial Research Chair MACE3 and Aluminum Research Centre REGAL, Laval University, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada;3. Alcoa Corporation, Aluminum Center of Excellence, Aluminerie de Deschambault, 1 Boul. des Sources, Deschambault, Québec G0A 1S0, Canada
Abstract:Anode manufacturing, particularly the baking process, is an important part of the primary aluminium production process. Anode baking is carried out in closed or open top ring furnaces. The anodes are placed in pits and surrounded by packing coke to prevent oxidation by infiltrated air and mechanical support. The anodes are baked through indirect contact with the hot gas flowing in the flues on both sides of the pit. The flue walls are made of commercial refractory bricks, which are subjected to chemical (high temperature corrosion), mechanical (creep, walls, anode loading and unloading) and thermal (high temperature, thermal shock) conditions during the baking process. The resulting stress causes chemical and physical alterations across the width of the wall. This stress generally manifests in the collapsing, cracking and bending of flue walls. The chemical composition and physical properties of refractory bricks taken from degraded flue walls in an industrial plant were investigated, and it was shown that regular redressing and maintenance of flue walls can prevent or reduce additional energy consumption due to pit deformation, consequently reducing the cost of anode production.
Keywords:Refractory corrosion  Thermal properties  Flues walls  Anode baking  Energy consumption
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