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Synthesis of (Ni,Mn,Co)O4 nanopowder with single cubic spinel phase via combustion method
Affiliation:1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangwon-do 25440, Republic of Korea;3. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-749, Republic of Korea;5. System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-711, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chungbuk 27469, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 137-41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25440, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea;4. Daegu Mechatronics & Materials Institute, 11 Seongseogongdan-ro, Daegu 42714, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada;1. Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;2. Light-weight Structures Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;3. National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;4. Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;1. Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 137–41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25440, Republic of Korea;3. Innovative Fuel Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989–111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305–353, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju, Chungbuk 27469, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Metal and Materials Engineering Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheongil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea;6. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406–840, Republic of Korea;7. Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 133–791, Republic of Korea;8. Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
Abstract:(Ni,Mn,Co)O4 nanopowders with single cubic phase were successfully synthesized using combustion methods. Particle size of the as-burnt nanopowders after combustion was about 20 nm. Crystallization behavior of the NMC was investigated using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Calcination at different temperature from 400 °C to 700 °C provides the powders with increased crystallinity and grain size. However, further increasing temperature above 800 °C for calcination, cubic spinel phase of NMC partly transformed to tetragonal spinel phase, which implies that cubic spinel phase of NMC nanopowder synthesized by combustion method becomes unstable above 800 °C.
Keywords:Combustion method  Cubic spinel phase  Element distribution
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