Recycling of industrial wastes in ceramic manufacturing: State of art and glass case studies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia;2. Physics Department, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Iraq;3. Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia;4. Nanotechnology Centre, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain;5. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain;6. Physics Department, College of Science, University of Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;1. National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;1. Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy;2. Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain;1. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Departamento de Física & I3N, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;3. Dpto. De Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Reina Mercedes s/n, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Nowadays, ceramic tile are manufactured at zero emissions permitting to recycle all by-products and part of residues derived from depuration treatments (exhausted lime, glazing sludge and polishing sludge). In addition to this environmentally friendly tendency, in the last years an increasing number of scientific studies demonstrated the feasibility to use alternative raw materials in substitution of different component of the ternary clay-feldspar-quartz system. In the first part of the paper is reported the state of the art of industrial waste recycling in the ceramic sector, with the focus on review studies related to both ceramic tiles and bricks..In the second part of the work are reported two case studies conducted by the authors with the aim to formulate ceramic bodies using alternative raw materials. New tailored compositions were obtained replacing clays, flux and/or inert compounds (higher than 60 wt%) by scraps from packaging waste glass in tiles, and cathode ray tube glasses and packaging waste glass up to 20 wt% in the brick compositions. |
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| Keywords: | D. Traditional ceramics D. Glass Recycling Industrial waste |
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