Hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods arrays for selective NO2 gas sensing: Effect of anion generating agents |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Thin Film Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500 757, South Korea;3. Department of Physics, G.M.D. Arts, B.W. Commerce and Science College, Sinnar 422103, Nashik, Maharashtra, India;5. Centre for Materials for Electronic Technology (C-MET), Pune 411008, India;6. Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India;1. Thin Film & Solar Studies Research Laboratory, Solapur University, Solapur, 413 255, M.S., India;2. N.K. Orchid College of Engineering & Technology, Solapur, 413 002, M.S., India;3. Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CIN2, ICN2 (CSIC-ICN), Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;4. Department of Physics, Lal Bahadur Shastri College, Satara, 415 002, M.S., India;5. Research Institute for Solar & Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea;6. Electrotechnical Institute, Division of Electrotechnology & Materials Science, ul. M Skłodowskiej-Curie 55/61, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland;1. Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, MS, India;2. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Puk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Puk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Physics, Karmaveer Hire Arts, Commerce, Science and Education College, Gargoti 416009, India;4. Thin Film Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416009, India;5. Ultra-Precision Optics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 500-779, Republic of Korea;1. Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500712, Republic of Korea;2. Thin Film Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, M.S., India;3. Karmveer Bhaurao Patil College, Pandharpur, M.S., India;4. Ferrite Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Solapur University, Solapur, M.S., India;5. Thin Film Photonic and Electronics Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500 757, Republic of Korea;6. School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500 712, Republic of Korea;1. Ferrite Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Solapur University, Solapur 413255, India;2. Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500712, Republic of Korea;3. School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500712, Republic of Korea;4. Physical Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India;1. Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Solapur University, Solapur 413255, MS, India;2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China;3. Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, MS, India |
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| Abstract: | Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) arrays with various aspect ratios were deposited by using a simple and inexpensive hydrothermal route at relatively low temperature of 90 °C. The influence of hydroxide anion generating agents in the solution on the growth of ZNRs arrays was studied. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and ammonia were used as hydroxide anion generating agents while polyethyleneimine (PEI) as structure directing agent. The combined effect of these three agents plays a crucial role in the growth of ZNRs arrays with respect to their rod length and diameter, which controls the aspect ratio. The deposited ZNRs exhibited hexagonal wurtize crystal structure with preferred orientation along (002) plane. The highly crystalline nature and pure phase formation of ZNRs was confirmed from FT-Raman studies. The maximum gas response (Rg/Ra) of 67.5 was observed for high aspect ratio ZNRs, deposited with combination of HMTA, ammonia as well as PEI. The enhancement in gas response can be attributed to high surface area (45 cm2/g) and desirable surface accessibility in high aspect ratio ZNRs. Fast response–recovery characteristics, especially a much quicker gas response time of 32 s and recovery time of 530 s were observed at 100 ppm NO2 gas concentration. |
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| Keywords: | ZnO nanorod Hydrothermal route Gas sensor Nitrogen dioxide |
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