超临界CO2流体萃取木耳菌糠最佳工艺的研究

目的：探讨木耳菌糠超临界CO2流体萃取的最佳工艺条件及萃取液的化学组成。方法：以萃取率为指标，在单因素试验基础上进行四因素三水平L9(34)正交试验确定最佳萃取工艺条件，利用气质联用仪对萃取液的化学成分进行分析。结果：最佳提取工艺条件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度45℃、物料粒度60目、夹带剂体积400 mL，在此工艺条件下萃取率为3.25%。萃取物的化学成分主要由醇、醛、酮、酯、甾类组成，含量最高的三种化合物分别是亚油酸甲酯（5.56 %）、藿烯酮（5.26 %）、3,5-胆甾烷二烯-7-酮（4.05 %）。结论：由木耳菌糠提取分离精细化学品是生物质洁净、高效利用的一种新思路。

Study of Optimum Conditions on Supercritical CO_2 Fluild Extraction of Spent Auricularia Auricula Substrate

Objective: The optimum conditions for the extraction of Spend Auricularia auricular substrate by supercritical CO₂ fluid were studied, and the chemical composition of the extract was analyzed. Methods: Taking the extraction rate as the indicator, orthogonal test of L9 (3⁴) with four factors and three levels was carried out to determine the best conditions on the basis of single factor experiment. The extraction was analyzed with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Results: The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 30 MPa, 45 ℃, 60 mesh, 400 mL of the entrainer volume and the extraction rate was 3.25% under these conditions. The chemical composition of extraction can be classified into alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, esters, terpenoids, steroids. The three most abundant compounds were methyl linoleate (5.56%), 17β(H),21β(H)-hop-22(29)-EN-3-one(5.26%),3,5-cholestanedien-7-one(4.05%),respectively. Conclusion: Extraction and separation of fine chemicals from spend auricularia auricular substrate is a new idea of clean and efficient utilization of biomass.