Cell-culture compatible silk fibroin scaffolds concomitantly patterned by freezing conditions and salt concentration |
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Authors: | Frédéric Byette Frédéric Bouchard Christian Pellerin Joanne Paquin Isabelle Marcotte Mircea A Mateescu |
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Affiliation: | 1.Département de Chimie, Pharmaqam/NanoQAM,Université du Québec à Montréal,Montréal,Canada;2.Département de chimie,Université de Montréal and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS),Montréal,Canada;3.Department of Chemistry,Université du Québec à Montréal,Montreal,Canada |
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Abstract: | The morphology of freeze-dried silk fibroin 3D-scaffolds was modified by varying both the NaCl concentration and the freezing
temperature of the silk fibroin solution prior to lyophilization. Scanning electron micrographs showed that slow freezing
at −22 °C generated sponge-like interconnected porous networks, whereas fast freezing at −73 °C formed stacked leaflet structures.
The presence of millimolar NaCl (50–250 mM) increased the porosity of the scaffolds and generated small outgrowths at their
surface, depending on the freezing regime. Our results suggest that the morphological differences seen between the materials
likely depend on ice and NaCl hydrate crystal nucleation and growth mechanisms. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
analyses revealed that the salt concentration and freezing conditions induced no structural changes in fibroin. The seeding
of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells showed that the presence of salt and freezing conditions influenced the cell distribution
into the scaffolds, with salt addition increasing the access of cells to deeper regions. |
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