八氢菲在分子筛催化剂上的环烷环开环反应

在小型固定流化床(FFB)装置上，以Y与ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂进行八氢菲的催化裂化反应，考察了分子筛类型、反应温度、剂/油质量比对八氢菲裂化反应的影响。结果表明，八氢菲在分子筛催化剂上容易发生环烷环开环反应，生成丙烷、丙烯、丁烷、丁烯、甲基戊烷和环戊烷、环己烷类环烷烃以及苯、C₁~C₄烷基取代苯等，烷基苯再发生二次反应生成萘、烷基萘、联苯等；少量八氢菲通过脱氢缩合，生成菲、芘等三环以上多环芳烃，甚至焦炭。由于扩散和吸附性能的影响，八氢菲的环烷环开环反应与催化剂的孔径和B酸量有关；其环烷环开环反应选择性，在孔径和B酸量适宜的Y分子筛催化剂上比在ZSM-5催化剂上高。在Y分子筛催化剂上，当温度为450~525℃、剂/油质量比为3~9，随着反应温度的升高，或者剂/油质量比的增加，八氢菲脱氢缩合反应增强，而环烷环开环反应选择性降低。

Naphthenic Ring Opening of Octohydrophenanthrene Over Zeolite Catalysts

Experiments of octohydrophenanthrene cracking over Y and ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts under certain temperature and catalyst/oil ratio were carried out on a small fixed fluidised bed (FFB) unit. Effects of zeolite type, reaction temperature and catalyst/oil mass ratio on octohydrophenanthrene cracking were investigated. The experimental results showed that the naphthenic ring opening reactions of octohydrophenanthrene over zeolite catalysts occurred easily to produce alkane such as propane, propylene, butane, butylenes, methylpenptane, and naphthenes, such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, as well as benzene, C₁-C₄ alkylbenzenes. Alkyl benzenes underwent the second reactions to form naphthalene, alkyl naphthalene and biphenyl, etc. Less products of octohydrophenanthrene by dehydrogenation condensation reactions were polycyclic aromatics with more than three rings (phenanthrenes, pyrenes and so on) and even coke. Due to the diffusion and adsorption of naphthenic aromatics on catalysts, selectivities of the naphthenic ring opening reactions of octohydrophenanthrene over Y catalyst were higher than those over ZSM-5 catalyst. Under the temperature range of 450-525℃ and catalyst/oil mass ratio range of 3-9, with the temperature rising or catalyst/oil mass ratio increasing, the dehydrogenation condensation reactions of octohydrophenanthrene over Y catalyst became stronger, and selectivity of the naphthenic ring opening decreased.