Abstract: | From contact angle data obtained on flat ice surfaces with a number of liquids, combined with data on particle and macromolecule adhesion or non-adhesion to advancing freezing fronts, the apolar (Lifshitz-van der Waals or LW) and polar (Lewis acid-base or AB) surface tension (γ) components and parameters have been determined. At 0°C these are γLW iee = 26.9 and γAB ice = 39.6 mJ/m2. The latter consists of an electron-acceptor (γ⊕) and an electron-donor (γ?) parameter: γ⊕ = 14 and γ? = 28 mJ/m2. |