Studies on wood-to-wood bonding adhesives based on natural rubber latex

Natural rubber latex-based adhesives were prepared for wood-to-wood bonding. The effects of prevulcanization, and varying amounts of ammonium caseinate, carboxymethyl cellulose, cooked starch, and phenol formaldehyde resin on adhesion were studied. The water resistance of the bonds was tested in cold and hot water and was found to be superior compared with commercial latex-based adhesives.