从感知到认知 北京乡村景观风貌特征探析

目前,北京的乡村景观建设存在乡村景观风貌逐渐丧失、并日趋城镇化,乡村景观风貌特征、乡村地域美学不够突出和乡村规划项目缺乏统筹、建设紊乱三大凸显问题。以北京乡村景观风貌特征为研究对象,沿用从感知到认知——景观特征研究方法,基于阅读文献资料法和问卷法、访谈法、抽象归纳法,通过古代田园类诗词、《园冶》及风水学反映出中国传统乡村景观风貌特征,包括13个＂呈现型＂特征和14个＂营造型＂特征;通过文学作品、民居建筑、传统植物、非物质文化遗产总结归纳出3类北京传统乡村景观;此外,通过针对北京乡村居住者与旅游观光者研究对北京当代乡村景观风貌特征进行补充,从而构建北京乡村景观风貌特征研究框架。未来可深入研究并系统化北京乡村景观风貌特征,建立《北京乡村景观建设导则》与《北京乡村建设项目景观风貌评价体系》,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面把握其发展,促进＂美丽乡村＂的建设。

From Perception to Cognition Characteristics of Rural Landscape Style in Beijing

Currently, Beijing＇s rural landscape construction in the country is at the forefront, but there are still three prominent problems including the gradual lost and urbanization of rural landscape, the lack of prominent style features of rural landscape and the inconspicuous regional aesthetics of rural areas, and the inordinate organization of rural planning projects and construction. Taking Beijing＇s rural landscape style features as research subject, this paper tries to reflect the style features of China＇s traditional rural landscape, including 13 ＂Show-type＂ features and 14 ＂Construction-type＂ features, by researching the landscape features from perception to cognition, studying relevant materials, giving questionnaires, making interviews, using Abstract Induction method, and using ancient pastoral poems, Yuan Ye and Fengshui Theory as references. It then concludes three categories of Bejing＇s rural landscape through the study of literature, vernacular architecture, traditional plants and intangible cultural heritage. In addition, the contemporary rural landscape features in Beijing are supplemented to establish a research framework of Beijing＇s rural landscape style features by means of researching the rural residents and visitors. The features of Beijing＇s rural landscape can be systematized and studies in a deeper dimension in the future, so as to establish the Guideline on the construchon of Beijing＇s Rural Landscape and the Assessment System of Beijing＇s Rural Landscape Style Features, promoting the development of rural landscape from macroscopic level, medium level and microcosmic level, and eventually realizing the construction of ＂Beautiful Village＂.