俄罗斯国家统一考试影响的社会学思考

俄罗斯统考作为联系中等教育与高等教育的桥梁，承载了教育、政治、社会与文化的功能。实践表明，统考的理念全面影响着社会各阶层的平等意识与公平竞争精神；统考扩大了农村学生和弱势群体学生进入名牌大学和热门专业的机会；统考在一定程度上促进了学生的跨地区流动。从社会学的角度考察，俄罗斯统考有利于促进阶层流动、缩小区域差异和城乡差异。

On the Influences of the Unified State Examination in Russia from the Perspective of Sociology

As a bridge between secondary education and higher education, the Unified State Examination in Russia bears the educational, political, social and cultural functions. As we can see that the ideal of Unified State Examination has a great influence on the concept of social equality and the spirit of fair competition in all walks. And through it, more chances are given to the students from rural area and disadvantaged groups to enroll themselves in the key universities and hot major, and to some extent, the trans- regional mobility of students are promoted. In this paper, from the sociological point we consider that the Unified State Examination in Russia is beneficial to the promotion of social mobility, and to narrowing the regional differences and urban- rural differences as well.