中国海域主要沉积盆地成盆动力学研究

中国海域及邻区分布有近5 0个时代不同、大小不等和形态各异的沉积盆地。其中大部分发育在大陆边缘,而主要含油气盆地则多数展布在大陆架部位。盆地的起源、发生、发展受控于大陆边缘大地构造不同时期的构造演化和改造。成盆动力学系统是一个包括沉积盆地及其下的地幔、软流圈、岩石圈和莫霍面等不同地质单元的宏观变化和相互制约的过程。而文中阐述的渤海、黄海、东海和南海的成盆史,其壳幔形变的具体表现则与板块碰撞、转换断层、造山带褶皱、陆壳裂离以及海底扩张等息息相关,从而形成了各具特色的沉积盆地。尤其在中、新生代时期,由于盆地历经多期构造演化和长期持续的沉降活动,给盆地油气生成和聚集创造了得天独厚的成烃、成藏有利环境,仅中国近海域至今已发现1 0个亿吨级的大型油气田。

Studies on the Sedimentary Basin Forming Dynamics in the China Sea Areas

In the China sea areas and its adjacent area, there are almost 50 sedimentary basins of different periods, different sizes, and different shapes, most of which distribute on the margin of continent while the main petroliferous basins distribute on the continental shelf. The origin, occurrence and development of the basins are determined by the structural evolution and reconstruction of the continental margin in different periods. Sedimentary basin forming dynamics system is the macroevolution and correlation of the sedimentary basin, the mantle, the asthenosphere, the lithosphere, and Moho discontinuity. The paper discusses the basin forming history of Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea, and their diastrophism is related to the plate collision, transform fault, orogene fold, the separation of continent and lithosphere, and expansion of seabed, thereby the different sedimentary basins are formed. Especially in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Era, the structural evolution and long-term subsidence of the basins are of advantage to the generation and accumulation of hydrocarbon and reservoir. So far, 10 large-scale oilfield were found in the China sea areas.