宁夏近40年极端气温变化特征分析

为了深入了解气候变化规律,探讨气候变化的原因,选用1961—2004年宁夏20个气象工作站逐月极端最高气温和极端最低气温资料,采用气候趋势系数和M ann-Kendall突变法等方法,分析了宁夏极端最高、最低气温变化的基本事实,得出:1961—2004年宁夏年极端最高气温、极端最低气温均在波动中上升,且年极端最低气温上升幅度明显超过年极端最高气温;各季极端最高、极端最低气温呈非对称性变化,即秋季各地极端最高气温增温幅度超过极端最低气温,但春夏冬三季极端最低气温增温远比极端最高气温明显,且该特点在夏季表现得更突出;各月极端最高气温、极端最低气温均呈升温趋势,除4月、11月和12月外,其他月极端最低温度的升温趋势均大于极端最高温度.表明近40年各月(除4月、11月、12月)宁夏气温变化范围正在逐步减小,极端温度趋于缓和.

Analysis on feature of extreme temperature change in Ningxia in recent 40 years

Using the extreme high and low monthly temperatures of 20 stations in Ningxia during 1961-2004,the basic features of the extreme temperature change were analyzed with climate trend index and Mann-Kendall mutation test.Results showed that,the annual extreme high and low temperatures during this period rose with fluctuation,and the rising range of annual extreme low temperature exceeded that of extreme high temperature;the extreme high and low temperatures of every season changed non-symmetrily,the rising range of extreme high temperatures in autumn exceeded that of extreme low temperatures,the increase of extreme low temperatures in spring,summer and winter were much more obvious than that of extreme high temperatures,and this feature was much more distinct in summer;the monthly extreme low temperatures showed a tendency of increase,the increase of monthly extreme low temperatures exceeded that of extreme high except April,November and December.The study indicated that the scopes of temperature change were decreasing in recent 40 years except in April,November and December,and the extreme temperatures tended to mitigation.