酶自固定化方法研究进展

固定化酶有诸多优势，传统酶固定化方法通常需要外界辅助，但额外的固定化流程无疑会增加酶使用成本。近年来提出的酶自固定化则可在温和条件下实现自身固定化，简化固定流程，为降低酶的成本、促进酶的广泛应用提供了新思路。本文系统、深入介绍了无载体类型、自催化类型和自结合类型酶自固定化的方法，并指出其各自特点：无载体类型无需载体成本；自催化类型能有效降低载体成本，获得机械强度较高的固定化酶；自结合类型可在温和条件下易实现多酶固定。结合本文作者课题组的相关研究，阐述了酶自身催化的自固定化和蛋白或多肽介导的融合酶自固定化最新研究进展。最后指出当前研究的重点应致力于自固定化新方法的研发，为后期理性选择、合理组合自固定化方法奠定基础，以加快自固定化酶实际应用。

Recent research progress of enzyme self-immobilization methods

Immobilized enzymes offer many advantagesbut the traditional immobilization methods usually require external assistance. The additional immobilization process will undoubtedly increase the cost of using enzymes. The self-immobilized enzymes proposed in recent years can perform under mild conditions, which can simplify the immobilization process, and provide new ideas for reducing the cost of enzymes and broaden the application field of enzymes. In this review, many self-immobilization approaches were systematically and thoroughly presented, including carrier-free self-immobilization, the self-catalyzed carrier-based immobilization, and the self-binding immobilization. Different methods have their own characteristics. Carrier-free self-immobilization avoids the cost of the carrier, and the self-catalyzed carrier-based immobilization can effectively circumvent the cost of the carrier and obtain the enzymes with higher mechanical strength. The self-binding immobilization can easily perform multi-enzyme immobilization under a mild condition. Coupling with the current research progresses on the self-immobilization of enzymes, the most recent developments of enzyme self-immobilization were discussed including the enzyme self-catalyzed immobilization and proteins-mediated (or peptides-mediated) self-immobilization. The current research of enzyme self-immobilization should be focus on the research and development of novel methods, which will lay a foundation for later rational selection and rational combination of self-immobilization methods and accelerate the practical application of self-immobilized enzymes.