Impact of storage structures on moisture content,insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize in Ghana |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;2. Dept. of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, USA;3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, USA;4. Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, USA;5. Dept. of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, USA;1. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, 768019, Odisha, India;2. Plant Molecular Breeding and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, 305817, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India;3. Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Berhampur, 760001, Odisha, India;1. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic;2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic;3. National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, Prague 10, Czech Republic;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, United States;2. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Arkansas State University Research Unit, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, United States;3. Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas & Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, United States;1. Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia;2. Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia;3. Universität Kassel - FG Agrartechnik, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;2. University of Georgia, Department of Entomology, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA |
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| Abstract: | Insect pests and fungal pathogens can cause extensive product losses and pose health risks in sub-Saharan Africa. In this experiment, maize stored as de-husked cobs or shelled maize in a ventilated crib and a metal bin, and in bags in warehouses, was monitored monthly in Ghana from October of 2015 to December of 2015 (the major season) and from January to April of 2016 (the minor season). Temperature, moisture content, insect pests, and associated damage were assessed monthly, and samples were taken in October, December, January, and April for mycotoxin analyses. Moisture content, which ranged from 9 to 15% during the year was occasionally greater in the bin and warehouse compared to the crib, and greater in months associated with the major season compared to other months. Temperatures varied with season but were generally warmer in the bin compared to the warehouse and crib. The predominant insect collected was Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), with the lowest populations in the crib, but in each structure the populations were about 10x greater in the major season compared to the minor season. Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) was the second most-prevalent species, but populations of this species were greater in the crib compared to the bin or warehouse. Scattered populations of other stored product insects were collected from the maize samples and in pheromone traps. Percentage insect damaged kernels (IDK) and weight loss were also greater in samples from months where S. zeamais was present. Aflatoxin was above 10 ppb only in the warehouse in December, while fumonisin levels in all the storage structures were <0.5 ppm for all months. Results show that maize stored during the major season in Ghana is at risk from insect damage, and metal bins could be utilized more frequently for storage. |
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| Keywords: | Post-harvest Damage Losses Insects Management Aflatoxin |
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