Susceptibility of Ethiopian wheat varieties to granary weevil and rice weevil infestation at optimal and sub-optimal temperatures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia;2. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;3. Holeta Agricultural Research Center, Holeta, Ethiopia;5. Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, 29117, USA;4. Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;6. Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia;1. Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG68, Legon, Accra, Ghana;2. Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 3050, Cotonou, Benin;1. Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM –AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;2. Centre for Research, Agriculture Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability in Food and Nutrition Security (CREATES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;3. Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI –Ilonga), P.O.Box 33, Kilosa, Tanzania;1. USDA-ARS-Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, P. O. Box 599, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, USA;3. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Arkansas State University Research Unit, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, USA |
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| Abstract: | Integrating varietal resistance with temperature manipulation during storage may provide a better option for protection of stored grains and may decrease reliance on the use of synthetic chemicals. The current study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of different varieties of wheat seed to the infestation by the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), at optimal (30 °C) and sub-optimal (19 °C) temperatures. Kernels of six wheat varieties namely, Danda'a, Digalu, ET-13-A2, Kakaba, Millennium, and Pavon-76 were examined over a period of 90 d. Significant interactions were detected between wheat varieties and storage temperature for progeny emergence, percentage of insect damaged kernels, grain weight loss, and amount of powder produced per gram of wheat. Kernels of Danda'a, infested with S. oryzae at 30 °C exhibited significantly lower mean progeny counts (13.3 live insects), lower percentage of grain weight loss (4.2%) and insect-damaged kernels (6.4%), and powder production (1.5 mg/g). Kernel weight and hardness index were negatively associated with percentage of insect damaged kernels and grain weight loss. Kernel diameter was positively associated with both of percentage of insect damaged kernels and grain weight loss. Wheat varieties with high Zeleny sedimentation values had lower percentage of insect-damaged kernels and grain weight loss. These results indicated that kernel weight, hardness index, and protein content are predominant factors contributing to wheat resistance against S. granarius and S. oryzae. The varieties Millennium and Danda'a can be considered with other integrated pest management approaches to reduce stored grain losses of wheat in Ethiopia. |
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| Keywords: | Wheat Variety resistance Kernel texture Proximate composition |
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