Effectiveness of the solar biomass hybrid dryer for drying and disinfestation of maize |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;2. Dept. of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA;3. Dept. of Biology, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA;4. USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;5. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, 42445, USA;6. Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;1. Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Teknologi Padang, Indonesia;2. Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;2. Dept. of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, USA;3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, USA;4. Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, USA;5. Dept. of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, USA;1. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;2. Dept. of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;3. USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515, College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;4. Dept. of Biology, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer (SBHD) is a new technology developed in Ghana for grain drying and utilizes biomass (agro-residues, timber scraps, etc.) along with solar drying, and is especially useful for drying during rainy periods of the year when solar drying cannot be relied on. This study assessed the effectiveness of a 5.0-MT SBHD comprising a solar tent and a furnace for thermal drying and disinfestation of maize. Mortalities of adults of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens were assessed. Additionally, mortalities of immatures of these three species were assessed. Internal and cage temperatures (°C) in the SBHD, sun drying (SD) and laboratory (control) were monitored, as were moisture content (MC) and thermally (stress) damaged kernels (TDK) (%). During the 7-h experiment, mean internal temperatures in the SBHD, SD and laboratory were 52.3 ± 1.0 °C, 41.4 ± 0.8 °C and 30.3 ± 0.2 °C, respectively. Similarly, temperatures in cages in the SBHD (49.5 ± 1.0 °C) were higher than those for cages in the laboratory (29.9 ± 0.2 °C) and SD (38.2 ± 0.6 °C). Reduction in the moisture content of maize dried using SBHD, SD and under laboratory conditions were 7.7, 5.2 and 2.9%, respectively. This corresponded to grain MC reduction rates of 1.1%, 0.74% and 0.4% per hour. There was 100% mortality of S. zeamais and C. ferrugineus adults achieved in only the SBHD; some immatures of all three species survived in all three treatments. However, survival of immatures was highest in the laboratory, followed by SD and lowest in the SBHD for all three species. Percent TDK was higher in the SBHD (6.7 ± 0.9) than SD (3.3 ± 0.3) and laboratory (2.7 ± 0.3). These data show that the SBHD is effective for both drying and disinfestation of grain. |
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| Keywords: | Post-harvest system Thermal disinfestation Solar biomass dryer Food security |
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