山东省东部地区土壤重金属污染及其生态环境效应

为了弄清楚山东省东部地区土壤重金属元素的潜在生态危害程度,在土壤调查的基础上,采用潜在生态危害指数法,以深层土壤的重金属元素含量均值作为参比值,对土壤进行重金属污染的潜在生态风险评价,并探讨其生态环境效应。结果表明:山东省东部地区土壤重金属元素污染程度从大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As,重金属潜在生态风险从大到小依次为Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn,其中Hg和Cd对土壤污染危害的贡献率之和达87.95%,仅Hg元素的贡献率就达到61.96%; 综合潜在生态风险评价级别为强和很强的土壤面积占13.75%,主要分布在莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,这种空间分布与目前金矿开采、选冶和人类生产生活布局一致; 此外,局部土壤重金属污染物已迁移到小麦体内,部分小麦样品中Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn含量超临界值,对人体健康产生影响。

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Eco-environmental Effect in Eastern Shandong Province

In order to find the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal pollution in eastern Shandong Province, compared with the average content of deep soil heavy metal, potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal pollution was evaluated by means of potential ecological risk index method based on soil survey; its eco-environmental effect was discussed. The results showed that the degrees of soil heavy metal pollution of Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and As in eastern Shandong Province were in descending order; potential ecological risks of soil heavy metal pollution of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn were in descending order; contribution rate of Hg and Cd to soil pollution risk was 87.95%, in which Hg was 61.96%; the area of soil with strong and stronger integrated potential ecological risks was 13.75%, and the soil mainly distributed in Laizhou-Zhaoyuan-Yantai and Mouping-Rushan gold mine districts and urban zones, and the distribution was in accordance with the layout of gold mining, dressing and smelting and human's production and life; moreover, soil heavy metal pollution partly transferred into winter wheat, and contents of Cd, Pb, Zn in part winter wheat samples were beyond the threshold value, and had adverse effect on health.