Wound healing and the immune response in swine treated with a hemostatic bandage composed of salmon thrombin and fibrinogen |
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| Authors: | Stephen W Rothwell Evelyn Sawyer Jennifer Dorsey William S Flournoy Timothy Settle David Simpson Gary Cadd Paul Janmey Charles White Kathleen A Szabo |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA;(2) Sea Run Holdings, Freeport, ME, USA;(3) Division of Military Casualty Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA;(4) Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA;(5) Nanomatrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA, USA;(6) Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;(7) Division of Biometrics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA;(8) Division of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA |
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| Abstract: | We investigated the inflammatory response in pigs exposed to salmon fibrinogen/thrombin dressings. Animals were exposed to
the material in 3 ways: (a) thrombin and fibrinogen were injected intravenously, (b) dual full-thickness skin lesions were
surgically created on the dorsal aspect of the swine and treated with the fibrinogen/thrombin bandage and a commercial bandage
or (c) a fibrinogen/thrombin bandage was inserted through an abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. Blood was collected
twice weekly and animals were sacrificed at 7, 10 or 28 days. Animals in the 28-day dermal lesion group were given an injection
of salmon fibrinogen/thrombin at the 10 day point to simulate a second bandage application. The immune response manifested
itself as induction of germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the white pulp of the spleen. Examination of the
histology of the skin and organs showed a cellular inflammatory response with granulation tissue and signs of edema that resolved
by the 28-day stage. Antibodies reactive to salmon and human thrombin and fibrinogen were detected, but fibrinogen levels
and coagulation processes were not affected. In conclusion, animals treated with salmon fibrinogen/thrombin bandages demonstrated
a smooth recovery course in terms of both tissue healing and the immune response without adverse effects from the exposure
to the fish proteins. |
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