微细粒矿物分选技术研究进展

我国矿产资源的典型特点是贫、细、杂，随着粗粒嵌布矿产和富矿的日渐枯竭，微细粒矿物在不久的将来必定成为资源提取的主体，如何保证其高效回收是我国矿产资源利用面临的重大问题。本文总结了近年来微细粒分选技术的发展，深入剖析了微细粒矿物高效开发利用的瓶颈问题。增大颗粒的"表观粒径"，将微细粒浮选的问题转化为常规浮选；根据颗粒与气泡的匹配性原理减小气泡尺寸和高选择性新型浮选药剂的设计与开发，依然是微细矿物浮选分离发展的重要方向。选择性磁团聚—磁选分离技术可以克服传统微细颗粒浮选在气泡颗粒碰撞效率、矿浆流变性和溶液化学环境适应性等方面的不足，具有一定潜力。但是颗粒间的碰撞、吸附、团聚和脱附过程及机制尚未形成系统的理论，其工业化应用还有很长的距离。总而言之，传统单一分选技术很难突破现有技术瓶颈，微细粒矿物高效分离问题的解决必须在交叉领域寻求突破。 

Advance in the Separation of Ultrafine Minerals

The typical characteristics of mineral resources in China are low grade, fine size and complicated. Fine minerals have become an important part of the mineral resources, which may become the main body of resource extraction in the near future. The efficient exploitation and utilization of ultrafine minerals are of great significance to the mineral resources guarantee of China. In this paper the development of ultrafine minerals separation technology in recent years is summarized. The bottleneck problems of efficient utilization of ultrafine minerals are analyzed. Increasing the "apparent particle size", development of new flotation agents, and decreasing bubble size are still important directions for the flotation separation of ultrafine minerals. The selective magnetic flocculation separation technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional fine particle flotation, such as low bubble particle collision efficiency, pulp rheology, solution chemical environment adaptability and so on. However, there is no systematic theory about the process and mechanism of particle collision, adsorption, agglomeration, and desorption yet. The industrial application is still a long way off. In a word, the traditional single separation technology is difficult to break through the bottleneck of the existing technology. The solution to the problem of efficient separation of ultrafine minerals depends on the innovation in the cross field.