纳米技术在镁质耐火材料中应用的研究进展

利用纳米技术制备复相镁质耐火材料，不仅可以缓解高温工业对高性能镁质材料的需求，而且又能实现镁质耐火材料的轻质化和多功能化，进而达到提高产品附加值的目的。因此，利用纳米技术制备复相镁质耐火材料具有较高的研究意义。从镁质耐火材料损毁机制的角度，综述了近年来国内外纳米技术在低碳镁碳质、镁钙质、镁铝质耐火材料中的研究现状和进展，并且分析了纳米技术在镁质耐火材料中的作用机理，最后指出了纳米技术在镁质耐火材料中应用所面临的挑战和发展方向。 

Progress in the application of nanotechnology to magnesia refractories

Magnesia refractories are promising high-temperature structural materials known for their high melting point, excellent high-temperature stability, and promising mechanical properties, which make them suitable for numerous high-temperature applications in steel manufacturing, metallurgy, building materials, and ceramics. However, traditional magnesia refractories do not meet the requirements established for advanced refractories. Low-carbon magnesia carbon refractories have several disadvantages, including poor slag and thermal shock resistances, owing to their reduced carbon content. Magnesia calcia refractories have poor hydration resistance due to the presence of free calcium oxide. Moreover, magnesia alumina refractories have poor sintering and mechanical properties owing to their volumes and thermal expansion mismatch. Therefore, the techniques used to prepare high-performance magnesia refractories have attracted widespread attention. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising new technology that is widely used improve refractory yield and in many other applications because of its excellent surface properties, small size, quantum dimensions, and macro quantum effects. The preparation of magnesia composite refractories using nanotechnology relieves the demand for high-performance magnesia refractories by high-temperature industries and also contributes to the development of lightweight and functional value-added products. Therefore, the use of nanotechnology in the preparation of magnesia composite refractories has great significance for the enhancement of their properties. In this paper, the research status and progress of nanotechnology in recent years with respect to the damage mechanisms in low-carbon magnesia–carbon refractories, magnesia calcia refractories, and magnesia alumina refractories in China and overseas were reviewed. In addition, the interaction mechanisms were analyzed, the challenges and developments in the application of nanotechnology were discussed.