连续玄武岩纤维生产与制品开发现状分析

连续玄武岩纤维（Continuous Basalt Fiber，简称CBF）是由天然的玄武岩矿石在高温下拉制而成。相对于石棉、岩棉等短纤维，CBF具有较高的长径比，不易被肺部吸入，同时在生产过程中耗能低、制备过程无污染，因而被称为绿色材料。相对于玻璃纤维，CBF具有优良的耐碱性，同时具有宽范围耐温性（-196℃~700℃），高强、绝热及高介电性能等。但现阶段CBF产量并不高，原因是多方面的，包括原料成分、设备和工艺等多诸多问题。本综述论文给出了CBF原料中SiO₂、Al₂O₃、FeO+Fe₂O₃等主成分影响拉丝工艺的经验规律，分析了漏板、窑炉均化、浸润剂、及熔制技术等影响因素。同时，本文就玄武岩资源与CBF产业现状、CBF复合材料研发及CBF应用领域给出了介绍，该内容不仅包括建筑、防火隔热等传统领域，还包括汽车轻量化、过滤环保及电子技术等高技术领域。最后简述了我国开发CBF所存在问题，并给出展望。 

Analysis of Current Status of Continuous Basalt Fiber Production and Product Development

Continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is made from natural basalt ore at high temperatures. Due to the fact that CBF is much longer than asbestos fiber, and is not easily inhaled by lungs, the CBF was believed as an eco-friendly and sustainable green material. Compared with glass fiber, CBF has excellent alkali resistance, wide temperature resistance, high strength, heat insulation and high dielectric properties. However, the current CBF production is not high, there are many reasons, including raw materials, equipment, processes and many other problems. This review gives the empirical rules of the influence of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO+Fe₂O₃ and other main components on the drawing process in CBF raw materials, and analyzes the influencing factors such as leakage plate, kiln homogenization, sizing agent and melting technology, which makes the reader understand the CBF production process. At the same time, this paper introduces the status of basalt resources and CBF industry, CBF composite material research and CBF application fields. The content includes not only traditional fields such as construction, fire and heat insulation, but also high-tech fields such as lightweight of automobile, filtration and environmental protection and electronic technology. Finally, the problems existing in the development of CBF in China are briefly described and the prospects are given.