二氧化碳相变致裂技术研究进展与展望

二氧化碳相变致裂作为一种环境友好的绿色破岩技术，具有破岩效率高、振动小、无污染等优点，近年来已成为岩石破碎与开挖领域的热门研究课题，相关研究发展迅速。大量学者运用理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟等手段对二氧化碳相变致裂技术进行了广泛探究，并取得了一些有益进展。通过对现有相关研究成果的调研分析，阐述了二氧化碳相变致裂技术的破岩机理，回顾了二氧化碳相变致裂荷载特征及其测试手段，归纳了致裂荷载表征方法，概括了致裂荷载与致裂效果的主要影响因素，分析了二氧化碳相变致裂的有害效应，总结了二氧化碳相变致裂技术在多领域的应用，并探讨了二氧化碳相变致裂当前存在的问题与未来挑战，以期为二氧化碳相变致裂技术的理论研究和工程应用推广提供参考。 

A review on fracturing technique with carbon dioxide phase transition

With continuously increasing urban construction, more underground projects require the breaking of rocks near sensitive areas, such as hospitals, schools, and residential areas. On one hand, since conventional blasting that uses explosives has a negative impact on the safety of the surrounding buildings and brings about noise and flying rocks, the use of explosives are sometimes not allowed. On the other hand, the efficiency of mechanical rock excavation is very low, resulting in a low speed of rock excavation and high operation cost. In view of this situation, techniques that incorporate carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing have been tried in rock fragmentation in complex and sensitive environments such as those mentioned above. Furthermore, carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing is also regarded as an ideal substitute for the explosives in the field of coal permeability improvement. As an environmentally friendly rock-breaking technology, carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing has the advantages of high excavation efficiency, low vibration, and no pollution. In recent years, it has become a hot topic in the field of rock breakage and excavation. Research on this gas explosion technology has been developed rapidly and several useful progresses were made in this technology using theoretical analysis, experiments, and numerical simulations in a wide range. Through investigation and analysis of existing research results, the rock breakage mechanism of carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing was elaborated. A review was also presented on the fracturing load characteristics and its testing method. The main factors influencing the fracture load and fracture result were recapitulated. This review also analyzed the harmful effects of this new technique and generalized the applications of this technology in different fields. Finally, the problems and future challenges of carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing were discussed. The review aims to provide a reference for the theoretical research, generalization, and application of carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing technology.