OD矩阵估计中交通观测点的设置问题研究

针对由路段流量估计OD矩阵的交通观测点设置问题，根据最大可能相对误差概念提出了改进的交通观测点设置原则：路径覆盖原则和最少观测点原则，并建立了相应的整数规划模型．该模型结构简单，计算方便，所需初始条件较少，且能够在保证OD矩阵估计的可行性和反推精度的同时节省交通观测费用．实例分析表明，结果合理可靠，有较好的适用性．

Research on Location of Traffic Observation Points for Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation

For the location problems of traffic observation points for estimating Origin-Destination(O-D) matrix by flows on road section,the improved location rules for traffic observation points are proposed according to the concept of maximum possible relative error,i.e.,the rules of path covering and minimal traffic observation points,and a corresponding integer programming model is established.The model with simple structure can be readily calculated and needs less initial conditions,and it can not only guarantee the feasibility and precision of OD matrix estimation,but also economize the costs of traffic observation.The rationality and reliability of the result are illustrated with a road network example,and the applicability of the model is proved.