Swiss-type and Swiss–Cheddar hybrid-type cheeses: effects of manufacture on sensory character and relationships between the sensory attributes and volatile compounds and gross compositional constituents |
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| Authors: | J Ben Lawlor Conor M Delahunty Martin G Wilkinson Jerimiah Sheehan |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition, University College, Cork,; Dairy Products Research Centre, Cheese Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork and; Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | The effects of manufacturing steps, including rate of acidification in the vat, hot room step, curd wash and ripening temperature, on the sensory character of Swiss-type and Swiss–Cheddar hybrid-type cheeses were determined. In addition, relationships were determined between sensory attributes of cheeses and their gross compositional constituents and volatile compounds. Ten assessors described the sensory characteristics using 12 odour, 19 flavour, four appearance and nine texture attributes. Gross compositional constituents were determined using standard methods. Volatile compounds were isolated using a model mouth apparatus that included a mastication device. Statistical methods were used to reduce the original sensory vocabulary to four odour, eight flavour, three appearance and five texture attributes. Results of a principal component analysis on the sensory data showed clear differences in sensory character between cheese types. For example, the Swiss-type with a low rate of acid production in the vat and a hot room step had a more 'nutty' and 'sweet' flavour than the modified Swiss-type with higher acid production and no hot room step. However, the modified Swiss–Cheddar hybrid with a curd wash step, a higher acid production and no hot room step also had a 'nutty' and 'sweet' flavour. Ripening temperature also has an effect on sensory character. Relationships between sensory character and volatile compounds and/or gross compositional constituents were determined by using partial least squares regression. One odour and one flavour attribute were shown to be correlated with subsets of volatile compounds and gross compositional constituents. Four texture attributes were correlated with subsets of gross compositional constituents. The availability of information on the manufacturing process increased the interpretability of the models. |
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| Keywords: | Gross composition Sensory attributes Swiss-type cheese Volatile compounds |
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