Biological Nutrient Removal: Design Snags, Operational Problems and Costs |
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Authors: | P COOPER BTech MSc J E UPTON BSc M SMITH BSc J CHURCHLEY BSc |
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Affiliation: | Principal Technical Specialist, Water Research Centre, Swindon.;Manager, Development Group, Severn Trent Water.;Process Engineer, Water Research Centre, Swindon.;Principal Process Development Officer, Development Group, Severn Trent Water. |
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Abstract: | The EC urban waste water treatment Directive will lead to some sewage-treatment works in the UK having to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. The paper reviews the basic biological processes which are available for retrofitting existing activated-sludge plants to achieve this removal, and then points to some of the problems which are encountered with these processes in other countries. The authors make suggestions as to how these problems can be overcome in design and operation. The paper also provides a cost comparison of different ways of uprating an existing nitrifying activated-sludge plant to achieve nitrification/ denitrification and phosphorus removal. |
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Keywords: | Activated sludge biological nutrient removal biological phosphorus removal chemical phosphorus removal costs denitrification design nitrification operation sewage treatment |
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