企业固定成本与组织结构的关系

固定成本对工业结构的确定有很重要的作用，但却很少有人了解企业的组织结构与固定成本的关系。通过对企业固定成本与企业组织结构之间关系的研究，我们建立了相应的数学模型。采用该模型可以确定企业的规模大小，并可解释有关企业组织结构变化的一些问题如短期失业、企业规模的振动变化等。通过研究我们还认识到，用固定成本来解释企业的组织结构有两个好处，一是可对组织结构作出一种完整的解释；二是它把许多看起来不太相关的组织现象（如减少规模和组织结构的金字塔形状）联系了起来。

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL FIXED COSTS

It is well known that fixed costs play an important role in determining the structure of industry. However, it is not as well known the relationship between organizational structure and organizational fixed costs. This paper focuses on such a relationship and presents correspondingly a mathematical model. With this model we are able to determine the size of firms, explain such phenomena as fluctuations in layoff and downsizing of the organization, and explain why the structure of hierarchies of firms is pyramid-shaped. Advantages of using fixed costs to explain the organizational structure are twofold: first, it provides a complementary perspective into organizational structure; second, it provides a link between many seemingly unrelated phenomena ( e. g., downsizing and pyramidal hierarchies ).