水力空化对沙重原油性质的影响

基于水力空化过程能够产生局部的高温、高压、高射流、强大的剪切力等极端物理条件，提出利用水力空化装置改质处理沙特重质原油(沙重原油)的设想，考察了常温下水力空化压力和处理次数对沙重原油性质的影响；并通过理化性能分析、实沸点蒸馏实验和减压渣油延迟焦化反应考察了水力空化处理前后原油的性能。结果表明：当水力空化压力为4 MPa，处理1次时，沙重原油改质效果最佳：其20  ℃时密度、40  ℃时黏度、残炭、相对分子质量分别由0.8967 g/cm³、13.61 mm²/s、7.16%、467降低至0.8710 g/cm³、7.22 mm²/s、6.48%、443；经过空化处理的原油中减压渣油质量分数降低约1.0百分点；减压渣油延迟焦化的焦炭产率降低1.85百分点，液相和气相产品的收率分别增加1.52和0.33百分点。

Effect of Hydrodynamic Cavitation on the Properties of Saudi Heavy Crude Oil

Hydrodynamic cavitation process can produce extreme physical conditions such as local high temperature, high pressure, high jet flow and strong shear stress. Therefore, applying the hydrodynamic cavitation device to upgrade Saudi heavy crude oil is proposed in this study. Effects of hydrodynamic cavitation pressure and treatment times on the properties of Saudi heavy crude oil were investigated at room temperature. Experimental results show that the optimum upgrading conditions for Saudi heavy oil are cavitation pressure of 4 MPa and once through treatment. Density, viscosity, carbon residuse and relative molecular mass of the crude oil were changed from 0.8967 g/cm³, 13.61 mm²/s, 7.16% and 467 to 0.8710 g/cm³, 7.22 mm²/s, 6.48% and 443, correspondingly. Real boiling point distillation data indicate that the vacuum residue mass fraction can be reduced 1 percent. In addition, the delayed coking properties of vacuum residue was also investigated. Test results show that the coke yield mass fraction can be decreased 1.85 percent, liquid and gas yield can increase 1.52 percent and 0.33 percent, respectively.